A study by the Share Trust and the Warande Advisory Center estimates the economic implications of shifting 25% of Official Development Assistance (ODA) – aligned with Grand Bargain and USAID commitments – from international to local intermediary structures. The analysis estimates that local intermediaries could deliver programming that is 32% more cost efficient than international intermediaries, by stripping out inflated international overhead and salary costs. Applied to the ODA funding flows allocated to UN/INGOs in 2018 ($54bn), this would equate to US$4.3bn annually.